pr\u00e9sentent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter ses travaux en vue de l\u2019obtention du Doctorat de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris, pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis en :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
le MARDI 20 OCTOBRE 2026 \u00e0 14h00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre 7
T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis
19 place Marguerite Perey, 91120 Palaiseau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Membres du jury :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n M. ALEXANDRE VERVISCH-PICOIS<\/strong>, Directeur d’\u00e9tudes, Institut Polytechnique de Paris T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, FRANCE – Directeur de th\u00e8se Invit\u00e9s : <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n M. Dominique HEURGUIER<\/strong>, Ing\u00e9nieur, Thal\u00e8s, FRANCE<\/p>\n\n\n\n M. Nel SAMAMA<\/strong>, Professeur, Institut Polytechnique de Paris T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, FRANCE<\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ces travaux de th\u00e8se s’inscrivent dans le contexte de la guerre de la navigation, avec l’objectif de positionner de mani\u00e8re collaborative et r\u00e9siliente un essaim de drones bas co\u00fbt reposant principalement sur la navigation GNSS. La vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 du GNSS au brouillage et au leurrage, qui concerne les syst\u00e8mes de navigation en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, est en effet de plus en plus pr\u00e9gnante dans les zones de conflit. L’enjeu est donc de s\u00e9curiser la navigation pour des applications critiques, dans un contexte d’essor des essaims de drones civils et militaires. Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 cet enjeu, plusieurs m\u00e9thodologies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tudi\u00e9es : des solutions de surveillance d’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 collaborative, permettant de mesurer en temps r\u00e9el \u00ab l’\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 \u00bb du GNSS ; des solutions d’antibrouillage collaboratif ; et enfin des solutions de positionnement alternatives au GNSS, destin\u00e9es aux situations o\u00f9 les signaux GNSS deviennent inutilisables. L’objectif sous-jacent est de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 un constat bien identifi\u00e9 : comment r\u00e9sister collectivement \u00e0 une menace, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 une r\u00e9ponse individuelle \u00e9choue ? Il existe certes diverses solutions permettant de s’affranchir du GNSS, mais celles-ci sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement co\u00fbteuses, peu adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 la collaboration, encombrantes, et donc peu compatibles avec les contraintes des drones bas co\u00fbt. Ces recherches ont pour objectif de combler plusieurs lacunes identifi\u00e9es dans la litt\u00e9rature. La premi\u00e8re contribution porte sur la collaboration au service de l’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du GNSS, \u00e0 travers une nouvelle m\u00e9thode d’estimation des matrices de covariance du CERIM (une m\u00e9thode de calcul d’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 bas\u00e9e sur la mise en commun des r\u00e9sidus de pseudodistances de plusieurs r\u00e9cepteurs) ayant fait l’objet d’un brevet et d’une publication, ainsi que l’ajout d’une surveillance de la puissance du signal mesur\u00e9 par les diff\u00e9rentes plateformes. Cet ajout permet de combler certaines limites du CERIM, qui repose classiquement, dans la litt\u00e9rature, sur les seuls r\u00e9sidus de positionnement; nous avons dans cette th\u00e8se \u00e9tendu cette approche \u00e0 la surveillance des r\u00e9sidus de vitesse obtenus par effet Doppler \u00e9galement brevet\u00e9e et publi\u00e9e. La deuxi\u00e8me contribution majeure a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper une solution d’antibrouillage collaboratif brevet\u00e9e, en mettant en relation les observations des antennes port\u00e9es par les drones de l’essaim, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 former une antenne multi-capteur virtuelle. Cette approche permet d’antibrouiller dans diff\u00e9rentes directions gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode d’inversion de puissance, et ainsi de s’affranchir de l’influence de brouilleurs qui emp\u00eacheraient, en temps normal et de mani\u00e8re individuelle, la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de l’information port\u00e9e par les signaux GNSS. Enfin, une troisi\u00e8me contribution porte sur une solution de localisation alternative au GNSS particuli\u00e8rement prometteuse, fond\u00e9e sur l’\u00e9mission d’un peigne de fr\u00e9quences radio permettant, en th\u00e9orie, une localisation d’ordre m\u00e9trique. Notre contribution a consist\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les limites de cette solution, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par l’entreprise Wheere, et \u00e0 proposer, \u00e0 partir des simulations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es, plusieurs pistes d’am\u00e9lioration. Les r\u00e9sultats obtenus montrent de bonnes performances du CERIM sur de longues distances, et le contr\u00f4le d’int\u00e9grit\u00e9 collaboratif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 montr\u00e9 une d\u00e9tection efficace des attaques de leurrage simul\u00e9es ainsi que des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9elles de brouillage. Les performances de la solution d’antibrouillage collaboratif sont elles aussi encourageantes, avec un taux de restitution de la position de 80 % \u00e0 ce stade. Les essais r\u00e9els restent n\u00e9anmoins encore insuffisamment nombreux, et de nouvelles campagnes de test sont pr\u00e9vues afin de poursuivre le d\u00e9veloppement de cette solution prometteuse, d’autant qu’elle b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d’un financement interne permettant de prolonger les recherches sur ce point. This thesis is set within the context of navigation warfare, with the aim of achieving collaborative and resilient positioning for a low-cost drone swarm relying primarily on GNSS navigation. The vulnerability of GNSS to jamming and spoofing \u2014 a concern shared by navigation systems in general \u2014 is indeed becoming increasingly prominent in conflict zones. The challenge is therefore to secure navigation for critical applications, in a context marked by the growing use of both civilian and military drone swarms. To address this challenge, several methodologies were investigated: collaborative integrity monitoring solutions, enabling real-time assessment of GNSS \u00ab\u00a0health status\u00a0\u00bb; collaborative anti-jamming solutions; and alternative positioning solutions to GNSS, intended for situations where GNSS signals become unusable. The underlying objective is to address a well-identified observation: how can a threat be collectively withstood where an individual response fails? Various solutions do exist to operate independently of GNSS, but these are generally costly, poorly suited to collaboration, bulky, and therefore ill-adapted to the constraints of low-cost drones. These research efforts aim to address several gaps identified in the literature. The first contribution concerns collaboration in support of GNSS integrity, through a new covariance matrix estimation method for CERIM (an integrity computation method based on pooling pseudorange residuals from multiple receivers), which has been the subject of both a patent and a publication, together with the addition of signal power monitoring across the different platforms. This addition helps overcome certain limitations of CERIM, which conventionally relies, in the literature, solely on positioning residuals; in this thesis, we extended this approach to the monitoring of velocity residuals obtained via the Doppler effect, likewise patented and published. The second major contribution consisted in developing a patented collaborative anti-jamming solution, by combining the antenna observations carried by the drones of the swarm so as to form a virtual multi-sensor antenna. This approach enables jamming mitigation in multiple directions through the power inversion method, thereby overcoming the influence of jammers that would otherwise, under normal conditions and on an individual basis, prevent the recovery of information carried by GNSS signals. Finally, a third contribution concerns a particularly promising alternative positioning solution to GNSS, based on the emission of a radio-frequency comb enabling, in theory, metric-level localization. Our contribution consisted in evaluating the limitations of this solution, developed by the company Wheere, and in proposing, based on the simulations carried out, several avenues for improvement. The results obtained show strong CERIM performance over long distances, and the overall collaborative integrity control demonstrated effective detection of both simulated spoofing attacks and real jamming data. The performance of the collaborative anti-jamming solution is likewise encouraging, with a position restitution rate of 80% achieved at this stage. Real-world trials nevertheless remain insufficiently numerous, and further test campaigns are planned to continue developing this promising solution \u2014 particularly as it benefits from internal funding allowing this research to be extended further.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L’Ecole doctorale : Ecole Doctorale de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris et le Laboratoire de recherche SAMOVAR – Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, Mod\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux pr\u00e9sentent l\u2019AVIS DE SOUTENANCE de Monsieur Victor VINCE Autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter ses travaux en vue de l\u2019obtention du Doctorat de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris, pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris 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Mme Ni ZHU<\/strong>, Charg\u00e9e de recherche, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, FRANCE – Examinateur
M. Pascal CHEVALIER<\/strong>, Professeur, Conservatoire Nationnal des Arts et M\u00e9tier (CNAM), FRANCE – Examinateur
M. Jose Manuel RUBIO HERNAN<\/strong>, Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Telecom SudParis, FRANCE – Co-encadrant de th\u00e8se
Mme Juliette MARAIS<\/strong>, Directrice de recherche, Universit\u00e9 Gustave Eiffel, FRANCE – Rapporteur
M. Rene jr. LANDRY<\/strong>, Professeur, Ecole de technologie Sup\u00e9rieure de Montr\u00e9al, CANADA – Rapporteur<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00ab NAvigation G.n.s.s collAborative REsiliente (NAGARE) \u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Monsieur Victor VINCE<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Abstract :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n