pr\u00e9sentent<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter ses travaux en vue de l\u2019obtention du Doctorat de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris, pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis en :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
le JEUDI 14 D\u00c9CEMBRE 2023 \u00e0 14h00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n
0D20
19 Place Marguerite Perey 91120, Palaiseau<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Membres du jury :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n M. Mihai MITREA<\/strong>, Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, FRANCE – Directeur de these R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n En amenant un niveau de confiance et d’immutabilit\u00e9 jusqu’alors in\u00e9gal\u00e9, l’\u00e9mergence synchrone du paradigme du web3 et des blockchains applicatives a ouvert de nouvelles perspectives dans le domaine du contenu visuel et de la gestion des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle sous-jacents. Cependant, outre les probl\u00e8mes end\u00e9miques \u00e0 l\u2019aspect d\u00e9centralis\u00e9 des blockchains, cette association a \u00e9galement mis en lumi\u00e8re de nouveaux d\u00e9fis. La th\u00e8se aborde cinq de tels d\u00e9fis \u00e0 travers le prisme des deux concepts fondamentaux des blockchains applicatives, \u00e0 savoir les tokens et les Smart Contracts, et de leur interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 (i.e., \u00e0 leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 partager des donn\u00e9es avec d\u2019autres briques applicatives). Les deux premiers sujets abord\u00e9s concernent les tokens, i.e., la repr\u00e9sentation d’actifs sur la blockchain, qui ont fait l’objet de vives critiques de la part des experts et du public en raison de (1) leurs modes de distribution et de leurs (2) lacunes quant aux droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Si une partie de l\u2019aversion envers les tokens r\u00e9sulte d’une incompr\u00e9hension fondamentale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard de ce qu’ils sont, d\u2019importantes limitantes techniques ont \u00e9galement fait surface au fil des ans. De plus, les tokens ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes r\u00e9glementaires et juridiques qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 leur r\u00e9putation ambigu\u00eb. Les deux sujets de recherche suivants concernent les Smart Contracts, i.e., les logiciels immuables qui peuvent \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9s sur les blockchains et qui servent notamment aux applications d\u00e9centralis\u00e9es (dApps). Au-del\u00e0 de leur sensibilit\u00e9 aux erreurs humaines, les Smart Contracts sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des limitations fondamentales comme (3) le seuil \u00e9lev\u00e9 de connaissances techniques requises \u00e0 leur development et (4) leurs capacit\u00e9s de calcul limit\u00e9es. De surcro\u00eet, il est important de comprendre que ces limitations ne sont pas seulement dues \u00e0 la relative nouveaut\u00e9 du concept mais au fait que la notion de Smart Contract ne vise pas \u00e0 remplacer celle du logiciel web2 et qu\u2019elles doivent \u00eatre pens\u00e9es comme compl\u00e9mentaires. La th\u00e8se r\u00e9pond tout d\u2019abord \u00e0 ces quatre premi\u00e8res probl\u00e9matiques via l\u2019abstraction de processus connus afin de concevoir, sp\u00e9cifier, et impl\u00e9menter des briques m\u00e9thodologiques r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 des attentes d\u00e9finies par notre analyse bibliographique du sujet. Les quatre premi\u00e8res contributions sont : \u2022 Un mode de distribution de contenu visuel produit par des objets connect\u00e9s via un courtier automatique dot\u00e9 de capacit\u00e9s de d\u00e9p\u00f4t fiduciaire bas\u00e9 sur un syst\u00e8me de confiance num\u00e9rique. \u2022 Une structure logicielle ind\u00e9pendante des march\u00e9s standards mettant les Smart Contracts au niveau conceptuel des tokens afin de garantir l\u2019applications de DPI lors de l\u2019\u00e9change de ces derniers. \u2022 Un processus permettant la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration syst\u00e9matique et agnostique \u00e0 l\u2019environnement blockchain de Smart Contracts \u00e0 partir d\u2019ontologies. \u2022 Une m\u00e9thodologie associant de mani\u00e8re mutuellement b\u00e9n\u00e9fique des \u00e9l\u00e9ments web2 et web3 qui permet le calcul d\u2019empreintes num\u00e9riques (fingerprints), dont le co\u00fbt est normalement prohibitif dans un environnement blockchain. Enfin, le dernier sujet trait\u00e9 est celui de (5) la polyvalence des briques applicatives que nous aborderons par l\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des quatre premi\u00e8res contributions dans une architecture permettant la prise en charge de contenu visuel dans l\u2019environnement blockchain de sa cr\u00e9ation authentifi\u00e9e jusqu\u2019\u00e0 sa distribution trac\u00e9e et conforme aux droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Cette association d\u00e9montre la capacit\u00e9 de nos briques m\u00e9thodologiques \u00e0 \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans des solutions plus complexes et \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes tangibles. Nous conclurons cette th\u00e8se avec une analyse macroscopique de notre travail, mettant en perspective nos contributions vis-\u00e0-vis de du futur des blockchains que nous pr\u00e9voyons \u00e0 court et \u00e0 long terme. The emergence of the web3 paradigm and the proliferation of application-oriented blockchains opened new perspectives to the field of visual content and the management of underlying Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) by providing a level of trust and immutability previously unmatched. Yet, this novel association remains vulnerable to discovered flaws and highlights shortcomings endemic to the blockchain space. This thesis addresses five such issues relating to the two fundamental concepts of applicative blockchains, namely tokens and Smart Contracts, and of their interoperability (i.e., as the ability to seamlessly share data). The first two issues deal with tokens, i.e., the blockchain representation of assets, which have been under heavy fire from experts and the public due to their (1) centralized distribution and (2) general disregard for Intellectual Property Rights. While some issues tokens have faced result from a fundamental misunderstanding of what they are, severe technical limitations in their use and distribution have surfaced over the years. These limitations were also accompanied by regulatory pain points resulting in some of the biggest scandals of the past decade, generating an overall negative perception of web3 technologies. The following two issues relate to Smart Contracts, i.e., immutable blockchain software that notably power decentralized applications (dApps). Although they have fed into problems through human oversights and errors, their main issues lie in their (3) technical knowledge requirements and (4) limited on-chain computation capabilities. Indeed, the relative novelty of the concept makes these programming languages less developer-friendly than their web2 counterparts, and users must accept that the Smart Contract paradigm is not a substitute for legacy software and answers to its own rules. We begin by addressing these first four pain points by abstracting processes and designing, specifying, and implementing methodological frameworks that answer requirements stemmed from the gaps identified in our state-of-the-art study. The first four contributions are: \u2022 A zero-trust, systematic distribution means for sensitive Internet of Media Things (IoMT)-produced content powered by an automatic broker with escrow functionalities. \u2022 A zero-trust, rule-enforcing, marketplace-agnostic framework revolving around a paradigm shift putting Smart Contracts at the abstraction level of tokens. \u2022 A workflow enabling the systematic, blockchain-agnostic generation of Smart Contracts via formalized ontologies. \u2022 A methodology enabling the mutually beneficial association of web2 and web3 by allowing usually prohibitively expensive visual fingerprinting to occur in blockchain environments. Finally, we address the overarching issue of (5) applicative workflow versatility by demonstrating the interoperation of all four previous methodological contributions into an architecture supporting the entire lifecycle of visual assets in blockchains, from their authenticated creation to their tracked and IPR-compliant distribution. This combination not only demonstrates the ability of our technologies to be integrated into larger frameworks but their capacity to answer real-world challenges. Our parting words constitute a macro analysis of our methodologies and put our efforts into perspective with the blockchain space, opining on its short and long-term directions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L’Ecole doctorale : Ecole Doctorale de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris et le Laboratoire de recherche SAMOVAR – Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, Mod\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux pr\u00e9sentent l\u2019AVIS DE SOUTENANCE de Monsieur Alexandre MOREAUX Autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter ses travaux en vue de l\u2019obtention du Doctorat de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris, pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis en : 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M. Touradj EBRAHIMI<\/strong>, Professor, EPFL, SUISSE – Rapporteur
M. Farid MOKRANE<\/strong>, Professor, Universit\u00e9 Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, FRANCE – Rapporteur
M. Azeddine BEGHDADI<\/strong>, Professor, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, FRANCE – Examinateur
Mme Sabrina CALDWELL<\/strong>, Ma\u00eetresse de conf\u00e9rences, Australian National University, AUSTRALIE – Examinateur
Mme Sara TUCCI-PIERGIOVANNI <\/strong>, Docteure, CEA-LIST, FRANCE – Examinateur<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u00ab Tra\u00e7age du contenu visuel, droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle & blockchain: de l’abstraction des processus \u00e0 l\u2019interop\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 fonctionnelle \u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Monsieur Alexandre MOREAUX<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Abstract :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n