pr\u00e9sentent l\u2019AVIS DE SOUTENANCE de Monsieur Pedro Victor BORGES CALDAS DA SILVA<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter ses travaux en vue de l\u2019obtention du Doctorat de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris, pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis en :<\/p>\n\n\n\n
le lundi 12 d\u00e9cembre 2022 \u00e0 14h00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Salle C06
T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis 9 Rue Charles Fourier 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Membres du jury :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mme Chantal\u00a0TACONET<\/strong>, Ma\u00eetresse de conf\u00e9rences, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, FRANCE – Directrice de th\u00e8se L’Internet des objets (IoT) se caract\u00e9rise par une myriade de dispositifs et de composants logiciels g\u00e9ographiquement dispers\u00e9s ainsi que par une grande h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9 en termes de mat\u00e9riel, de format de donn\u00e9es et de protocoles. Au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les plateformes IoT ont \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9es pour fournir une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de services aux applications, tels que la d\u00e9couverte de dispositifs, la gestion du contexte et l’analyse des donn\u00e9es. Cependant, le manque de standardisation fait que chaque plateforme IoT propose ses propres abstractions, API et patrons d’interactions. Par cons\u00e9quent, la programmation des interactions entre une application IoT consommatrice de donn\u00e9es et une plateforme IoT est complexe, sujette \u00e0 des erreurs et demande un niveau de connaissance de la plateforme IoT approfondi de la part des d\u00e9veloppeurs. Les intergiciels IoT peuvent att\u00e9nuer cette h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9, ils doivent fournir des services pertinents et ainsi faciliter le d\u00e9veloppement des applications. L’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de la technologie num\u00e9rique devenant une priorit\u00e9, l’augmentation du nombre de syst\u00e8mes IoT pose des probl\u00e8mes \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. Dans ce contexte, il est essentiel de concevoir soigneusement les interactions entre les applications IoT grand public et les plateformes IoT en tenant compte de l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Les intergiciels IoT ne doivent pas uniquement consid\u00e9rer l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique comme une exigence non fonctionnelle laiss\u00e9e \u00e0 l’application, Au contraire, parce qu’ils sont utilis\u00e9s par de nombreuses applications, l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique doit \u00eatre au c\u0153ur de leur conception. Cette th\u00e8se pr\u00e9sente trois contributions concernant l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et la sensibilisation \u00e0 l’\u00e9nergie dans les intergiciels IoT pour les applications IoT consommatrices de donn\u00e9es. La premi\u00e8re contribution est la proposition d’un intergiciel IoT appel\u00e9 IoTvar qui abstrait les capteurs virtuels IoT dans des variables IoT qui sont automatiquement mises \u00e0 jour par l’intergiciel. La deuxi\u00e8me contribution est l’\u00e9valuation de la consommation d’\u00e9nergie des interactions entre les applications IoT grand public et les plateformes IoT via les protocoles HTTP et MQTT. Cette \u00e9valuation a conduit \u00e0 la proposition de lignes directrices pour am\u00e9liorer l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des interactions. La troisi\u00e8me contribution est la proposition de strat\u00e9gies d’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pour des middleware IoT. Ces strat\u00e9gies ont \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans l’intergiciel IoTvar pour assurer l’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, mais aussi la sensibilisation \u00e0 l’\u00e9nergie par le biais d’un mod\u00e8le \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et la gestion d’un budget \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique fonction des exigences des utilisateurs. Les impl\u00e9mentations de l’architecture middleware IoT, avec et sans strat\u00e9gie d’efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9es, et les r\u00e9sultats montrent que nous avons une diminution allant jusqu’\u00e0 60% de l’\u00e9nergie consomm\u00e9e par les applications IoT en appliquant des strat\u00e9gies pour r\u00e9duire la consommation d’\u00e9nergie au niveau du middleware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by a myriad of geographically dispersed devices and software components as well as high heterogeneity in terms of hardware, data, and protocols. Over the last few years, IoT platforms have been used to provide a variety of services to applications such as device discovery, context management, and data analysis. However, the lack of standardization makes each IoT platform come with its abstractions, APIs, and interactions. As a consequence, programming the interactions between a consuming IoT application and an IoT platform is often time-consuming, error-prone, and depends on the developers’ level of knowledge about the IoT platform. IoT middleware are proposed to alleviate such heterogeneity, provide relevant services, and ease application development. As the energy efficiency of digital technology becomes a priority, the increase in IoT systems brings energy concerns. In this context, carefully designing interactions between IoT consumer applications and IoT systems with an energy-efficiency concern becomes essential. IoT middleware should not solely consider energy efficiency as a non-functional requirement. Instead, it needs to be at the solution’s core as the middleware is expected to be shared by many applications and offer facilities to ease application development. This work presents three contributions regarding energy-efficiency\/awareness in IoT middleware for IoT consumer applications. The first contribution is the proposal of an IoT middleware for IoT consumer applications called IoTVar that abstracts IoT virtual sensors in IoT variables that are automatically updated by the middleware. The second contribution is the evaluation of the energy consumption of the interactions between IoT consumer applications and IoT platforms through the HTTP and MQTT protocols. This evaluation has led to the proposal of guidelines to improve energy efficiency when developing applications. The third contribution is the proposal of strategies for energy efficiency to be integrated into IoT middleware. Those strategies have been integrated into the IoTVar middleware to provide energy efficiency, but also energy awareness through an energy model and the management of an energy budget driven by user requirements. The implementations of the IoT middleware architecture, with and without energy-efficiency strategies, have been evaluated, and the results show that we have a difference of up to 60% the energy used by IoT applications by applying strategies to reduce energy consumption at the middleware level.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" L’Ecole doctorale : Ecole Doctorale de l’Institut Polytechnique de Pariset le Laboratoire de recherche SAMOVAR – Services r\u00e9partis, Architectures, MOd\u00e9lisation, Validation, Administration des R\u00e9seaux pr\u00e9sentent l\u2019AVIS DE SOUTENANCE de Monsieur Pedro Victor BORGES CALDAS DA SILVA Autoris\u00e9 \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter ses travaux en vue de l\u2019obtention du Doctorat de l’Institut Polytechnique de Paris, pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 T\u00e9l\u00e9com 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M. Romain\u00a0ROUVOY<\/strong>, Professeur, Lille University, FRANCE – Rapporteur
M. Philippe\u00a0ROOSE<\/strong>, Ma\u00eetre de conf\u00e9rences, Universit\u00e9 de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, FRANCE – Rapporteur
M. Gordon\u00a0BLAIR<\/strong>, Professeur, Lancaster University, ROYAUME-UNI – Examinateur
Mme Anne-C\u00e9cile\u00a0D’ORGERIE<\/strong>, Charg\u00e9e de recherche, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, FRANCE – Examinatrice
Mme Sophie\u00a0CHABRIDON<\/strong>, Professeure, T\u00e9l\u00e9com SudParis, FRANCE – Examinatrice
Mme Thais\u00a0BATISTA<\/strong>, Professeure, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, BRESIL – Examinatrice<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u00e9sum\u00e9 :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Abstract : \u00ab\u00a0Middleware support for energy awareness in the Internet of Things (IoT)\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n